Preparation and Characterization of Mesoporous Activated Carbon-Supported Tin Oxide Nanocomposites from Agro-Waste (Cyperus Corymbosus Grass Stem) and its Use as a Highly Efficient Catalyst in a Three-component Reaction

Abstract

The present study reports an eco-friendly preparation of mesoporous carbon-supported tin oxide nanocomposite from agro-waste (Cyperus corymbosus grass stem). The CCSAC - SnO₂ prepared by greener method successfully utilizing Cyperus corymbosus waste. The prepared CCSAC-SnO₂ nanocomposite was characterized using advanced analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, and Thermogravimetry Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA). The amorphous and crystalline nature of Cyperus corymbosus stem-activated carbon (CCSAC) and Cyperus corymbosus activated carbon supported tin oxide nanocomposites (CCSAC-SnO₂ nanocomposite) was confirmed using powder XRD analysis. FT-IR analysis was used to identify the surface functional groups attached to the CCSAC and CCASC-SnO₂ nanocomposite. The element composition of CCSAC and CCSAC-SnO₂ nanocomposite was confirmed by EDX analysis. BET analysis confirmed the CCSAC-SnO₂ nanocomposite mesoporous nature. XPS and TG-DTA analysis confirmed the elemental composition and thermal stability of the CCSAC-SnO₂ nanocomposite. The CCSAC-SnO₂ nanocomposite was used as a nanocatalyst in a three-component reaction. This study highlights the potential of utilizing plant waste to prepare valuable mesoporous CCSAC-SnO₂ nanocomposite, highlighting both environmental sustainability and catalytic efficiency.