Sustainable Hybrid Composites: Eggshell Nanoparticle-Reinforced Jute Fabric Epoxy for High-Performance Engineering Applications

Abstract

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of an innovative eggshell nanoparticle (ESNP)-reinforced hybrid composite integrating woven jute fabric and epoxy resin for advanced engineering applications. Incorporating 10 % ESNPs enhances mechanical and microstructural properties, presenting a high-performance, sustainable alternative to conventional composites. The hybrid composites were fabricated using a vacuum-assisted compression molding technique with three distinct fiber-stacking configurations: Sample 1 (glass-jute-glass-jute), Sample 2 (jute-glass-jute-glass), and Sample 3 (glass-jute-jute-glass). Comprehensive mechanical testing revealed that Sample 3 exhibited superior properties, achieving a tensile strength of 77.77 MPa, a flexural strength of 452 MPa, an impact strength of 4.6 J, and an interlaminar shear strength of 15.25 N/mm². Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed uniform ESNP dispersion, improved fiber-matrix interfacial bonding, and reduced void formation, contributing to enhanced load-bearing capacity and durability. By integrating bio-waste-derived nanoparticles into fiber-reinforced polymer composites, this research advances the development of eco-friendly, lightweight materials for high-performance applications in automotive body panels, aerospace structures, energy-absorbing components, and sustainable engineering solutions.